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Why is Baclofen prescribed?

Product Name Price Shipping Total Order
Baclofen – 20mg – 180 Tablets $209 free $209 Order
Baclofen – 10mg – 180 Tablets $189 free $189 Order

Baclofen is used to treat pain and certain types of spasticity (muscle stiffness and tightness) from multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, or other spinal cord diseases. Baclofen is in a class of medications called skeletal muscle relaxants. Baclofen acts on the spinal cord nerves and decreases the number and severity of muscle spasms caused by multiple sclerosis or spinal cord conditions. It also relieves pain and improves muscle movement.

Baclofen is a pharmaceutical agent designed to alleviate muscle spasms, cramps, or tightness arising from various medical conditions, which may include:

  • Cerebral palsy
  • Meningitis
  • Motor neurone disease
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system

Baclofen is obtainable exclusively by prescription and is accessible in two main forms: tablets and a liquid solution for oral consumption.

How Should Baclofen be Used?

Baclofen comes as a tablet and a solution (liquid) to take by mouth. It usually is taken 3 times a day at evenly spaced intervals. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take baclofen exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Use an oral syringe (measuring device) to accurately measure and take your dose of baclofen solution. Ask your pharmacist for an oral syringe if one is not included with your medication.

Continue to take baclofen even if you feel well. Do not stop taking baclofen without talking to your doctor, especially if you have taken large doses for a long time. Abruptly stopping this medication can cause seizures, fever, confusion, muscle stiffness, or hallucinations. Your doctor probably will want to decrease your dose gradually.

How Does Baclofen Work ?

Baclofen is a medication that primarily acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist. GABA is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that inhibits nerve activity, and its effects are generally calming or inhibitory. Baclofen specifically targets the GABA-B receptors.

Here’s a breakdown of how Baclofen works:

  1. GABA Receptor Agonism: Baclofen mimics the action of GABA by binding to GABA-B receptors in the brain and spinal cord. GABA normally binds to these receptors, leading to inhibitory effects on nerve transmission.
  2. Inhibition of Neurotransmitter Release: When Baclofen binds to GABA-B receptors, it reduces the release of neurotransmitters such as glutamate. This reduction in neurotransmitter release leads to a decrease in the excitability of nerve cells.
  3. Muscle Relaxation: Baclofen’s primary therapeutic effect is muscle relaxation. By inhibiting the transmission of signals in the spinal cord, it helps to reduce muscle spasticity, which is a condition characterized by increased muscle tone and stiffness.
  4. Treatment of Spasticity: Baclofen is commonly prescribed to manage spasticity associated with conditions such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, and certain neurological disorders. It helps alleviate muscle spasms, cramping, and tightness.

Off-label Usages of Baclofen

While baclofen is primarily prescribed as a muscle relaxant to treat conditions like spasticity and muscle stiffness, it has been explored for various off-label uses based on its potential effects on the nervous system. Some of these off-label applications include:

  1. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): Baclofen has gained attention as a potential treatment for alcohol dependence. Some research and clinical experience suggest that it may reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms in individuals with AUD.
  2. Substance Use Disorders: Baclofen has been investigated for its potential in treating various substance use disorders, including opioid and cocaine addiction. Its effects on the brain’s reward system are of interest in this context.
  3. Anxiety and Sleep Disorders: Baclofen’s muscle-relaxing and sedative properties have led to its off-label use in managing anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. It may help some individuals with anxiety-related muscle tension or insomnia.
  4. Chronic Pain: In some cases, baclofen has been used off-label to alleviate chronic pain conditions. It can help by relaxing muscles and reducing muscle-related discomfort in individuals with conditions like fibromyalgia.
  5. Hiccups (Intractable Hiccups): Baclofen has been used to manage persistent and severe hiccups (intractable hiccups) when other treatments have not been effective.
  6. Tourette Syndrome: Some limited studies and clinical reports have explored the use of baclofen to manage tics and symptoms associated with Tourette syndrome.

It’s important to note that the off-label use of baclofen should only be considered under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare professional. The effectiveness and safety of baclofen for these off-label applications can vary, and more research is often needed to establish its utility in these contexts. Patients should consult with their healthcare provider to discuss the potential benefits and risks of using baclofen for any off-label purposes.

What Is Spasticity ?

Spasticity is a medical term that refers to a condition characterized by increased muscle stiffness, tightness, and involuntary muscle contractions or spasms. It is often associated with abnormal muscle tone and can affect a person’s ability to control their muscles and movement. Spasticity is typically caused by damage or dysfunction in the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord.

Some common features of spasticity include:

  1. Increased Muscle Tone: Spasticity leads to an increase in muscle tone, causing muscles to become stiffer and more rigid than usual.
  2. Involuntary Muscle Contractions: Individuals with spasticity may experience uncontrolled muscle contractions or spasms, which can be painful and interfere with normal movements.
  3. Muscle Tightness: The affected muscles often feel tight, making it difficult to stretch or move them easily.

Spasticity can be a symptom of various neurological conditions and diseases, such as:

  • Stroke
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Spinal cord injury
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
  • Brain tumors
  • Hereditary spastic paraplegia

Treatment for spasticity depends on its underlying cause and severity. It may include medications, physical therapy, occupational therapy, assistive devices, and sometimes surgical interventions. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms, improve mobility, and enhance the quality of life for individuals affected by spasticity.

What Special Precautions Should I Follow?

Before taking baclofen,

  • tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to baclofen, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in baclofen tablets and oral solution. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the ingredients.
  • tell your doctor and pharmacist what other prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Be sure to mention any of the following: antidepressants, medications for anxiety, medications for mental illness, medications for seizures, sedatives, sleeping pills, or tranquilizers. Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
  • tell your doctor if you have or have ever had epilepsy, a stroke, a rheumatic disease, cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s disease, a psychiatric condition such as schizophrenia or a confusional state, or kidney disease.
  • tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking baclofen, call your doctor immediately.
  • you should know that baclofen may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
  • ask your doctor about the safe use of alcoholic beverages while you are taking baclofen. Alcohol can make the side effects from baclofen worse.

What Should I do if I Forget a Dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

What Side Effects can Baclofen Cause?

Baclofen may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:

  • dizziness
  • weakness
  • confusion
  • headache
  • nausea
  • constipation
  • difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
  • tiredness
  • frequent urination

Some side effects can be serious. If you experience either of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately:

  • seeing things or hearing voices that do not exist
  • seizures

If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program online (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) or by phone (1-800-332-1088).

What Should I Know About Storage and Disposal of Baclofen?

Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store the tablets at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Store the oral solution in the refrigerator.

It is important to keep all medication out of sight and reach of children as many containers (such as weekly pill minders and those for eye drops, creams, patches, and inhalers) are not child-resistant and young children can open them easily. To protect young children from poisoning, always lock safety caps and immediately place the medication in a safe location – one that is up and away and out of their sight and reach. http://www.upandaway.org

Unneeded medications should be disposed of in special ways to ensure that pets, children, and other people cannot consume them. However, you should not flush this medication down the toilet. Instead, the best way to dispose of your medication is through a medicine take-back program. Talk to your pharmacist or contact your local garbage/recycling department to learn about take-back programs in your community. See the FDA’s Safe Disposal of Medicines website (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) for more information if you do not have access to a take-back program.

In case of emergency/overdose

In case of overdose, call the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222. Information is also available online at https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. If the victim has collapsed, had a seizure, has trouble breathing, or can’t be awakened, immediately call emergency services at 911.

Symptoms of Baclofen Overdose

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Severe muscle weakness
  • Problems breathing
  • Seizures
  • Coma
  • Slowed breathing or respiratory arrest
  • Heart issues
  • Slowed heart rate
  • Vertigo
  • Low body temperature
  • Lightheadedness
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Trouble breathing

Is Baclofen Addictive ?

Baclofen is generally not considered to be highly addictive. It does not produce the same level of euphoria, tolerance, or craving that is characteristic of highly addictive substances like opioids, stimulants, or certain sedatives. However, there are some important considerations regarding its use:

  1. Dependence Potential: While baclofen itself is not typically associated with physical addiction, some individuals may develop a psychological dependence on the medication if they come to rely on it to manage symptoms or as a coping mechanism. This is more common in individuals who have used it long-term.
  2. Withdrawal Symptoms: Abruptly stopping baclofen after extended use may lead to withdrawal symptoms, which can include muscle stiffness, spasms, anxiety, and other symptoms. To avoid withdrawal, it is generally recommended to gradually reduce the dose under medical supervision when discontinuing baclofen.
  3. Misuse and Overuse: In some cases, individuals may misuse baclofen by taking higher doses than prescribed or using it in ways not intended by their healthcare provider. Misuse can potentially lead to dependence or other health issues.
  4. Tolerance: Over time, some individuals may develop a tolerance to baclofen’s effects, requiring higher doses to achieve the same level of muscle relaxation. This can potentially lead to misuse or dependence.

Baclofen Withdrawal

Baclofen withdrawal refers to a set of symptoms that can occur when an individual who has been taking baclofen, a medication used as a muscle relaxant, suddenly stops or significantly reduces their baclofen intake. Withdrawal symptoms can vary in intensity and may include the following:

  1. Muscle Rebound: One of the most common withdrawal symptoms is the return of muscle spasticity, stiffness, or increased muscle tone. This can be more pronounced than the original symptoms that led to the use of baclofen.
  2. Anxiety and Restlessness: Some individuals experience heightened anxiety, restlessness, and nervousness during withdrawal.
  3. Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep is a common withdrawal symptom, as baclofen can have sedative effects that may be disrupted when the medication is stopped.
  4. Hallucinations: In severe cases of withdrawal, individuals may experience visual or auditory hallucinations, although this is relatively rare.
  5. Seizures: Although rare, seizures have been reported in some cases of baclofen withdrawal, particularly when high doses are suddenly discontinued.
  6. Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure: Some individuals may experience an increase in heart rate and blood pressure during withdrawal.

It’s essential to approach baclofen withdrawal carefully and under the supervision of a healthcare professional. To minimize the risk of withdrawal symptoms and complications, the following strategies are often employed:

  1. Tapering: Instead of abruptly discontinuing baclofen, a healthcare provider may gradually reduce the dosage over time to allow the body to adjust slowly and minimize the risk of withdrawal symptoms.
  2. Symptom Management: If withdrawal symptoms occur, they may be managed with other medications or interventions to alleviate discomfort and spasticity.
  3. Medical Supervision: Individuals who have been taking baclofen for an extended period, at high doses, or who have experienced withdrawal symptoms previously should undergo withdrawal under the supervision of a healthcare provider, as the process can be complex.

Baclofen Addiction Treatment

Baclofen addiction, though not as common as addiction to some other substances, can be challenging and requires appropriate treatment. If you or someone you know is struggling with baclofen addiction, here are the steps to consider for treatment:

  1. Assessment and Evaluation: Seek a comprehensive assessment from a healthcare provider or addiction specialist. They will evaluate the extent of baclofen addiction, co-occurring conditions, and overall health.
  2. Medical Detoxification: If the addiction is severe and there is a risk of withdrawal symptoms, medical detoxification may be necessary. This involves supervised withdrawal with the gradual reduction of baclofen under medical care to minimize withdrawal symptoms and complications.
  3. Inpatient or Outpatient Treatment: The choice between inpatient and outpatient treatment depends on the severity of the addiction. Inpatient programs provide 24/7 supervision and support, while outpatient programs offer more flexibility for those with milder addiction.
  4. Behavioral Therapy: Behavioral therapies are fundamental in addiction treatment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and contingency management are commonly used to address addiction-related thoughts, behaviors, and triggers.
  5. Support Groups: Participating in support groups, such as 12-step programs or SMART Recovery, can provide individuals with a sense of community and shared experiences, which can aid in recovery.
  6. Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT): In some cases, medications may be used to manage cravings and prevent relapse. Naltrexone is one medication that may be considered for this purpose.
  7. Dual Diagnosis Treatment: Addressing any co-occurring mental health conditions (such as anxiety or depression) is essential, as they often contribute to addiction. Dual diagnosis treatment can help individuals manage both conditions simultaneously.
  8. Family and Social Support: Involving family members and loved ones in the recovery process can be beneficial. Family therapy and education can help repair relationships and provide a support system for the individual in recovery.
  9. Aftercare and Relapse Prevention: After formal treatment, aftercare and relapse prevention strategies are crucial. These may include ongoing therapy, support groups, and learning healthy coping skills to prevent relapse.
  10. Lifestyle Changes: Adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress-reduction techniques can help individuals in recovery maintain their sobriety.

What other information should I know?

Keep all appointments with your doctor.

Do not let anyone else take your medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription.

It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.

Brand names

  • Kemstro®
  • Lioresal®
  • Ozobax®

This branded product is no longer on the market. Generic alternatives may be available.

Last Revised – 12/15/2019

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