In the United States, gabapentin is officially indicated for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia in adults and for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures, with or without secondary generalization, in patients 3 years of age and older.
In Europe, gabapentin is indicated for adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial-onset seizures, with or without secondary generalization, in patients 6 years of age and older and as monotherapy in patients 12 years of age and older. It is also used in adults for the treatment of various types of peripheral neuropathic pain, such as painful diabetic neuropathy.
Gabapentin is an anti-convulsant medication that inhibits the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, allowing for its use against pathologic neurotransmission such as that seen in neuropathic pain and seizure disorders.
It has a wide therapeutic index, with doses in excess of 8000 mg/kg failing to cause a fatal reaction in rats
Gabapentin is ineffective in absence seizures and should be used in caution in patients with mixed seizure disorders involving absence seizures.
Gabapentin has been associated with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), otherwise known as multi-organ hypersensitivity. This reaction can prove fatal and early symptoms such as fever, lymphadenopathy, and rash should be promptly investigated.
Gabapentin Manufacturers:
Actavis elizabeth llc
Amneal pharmaceuticals ny llc
Apotex inc etobicoke site
Aurobindo pharma usa inc
Hikma pharmaceuticals
Invagen pharmaceuticals inc
Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
Mutual pharmaceutical co inc
Ranbaxy laboratories ltd
Sandoz inc
Sun pharmaceutical industries ltd
Teva pharmaceuticals usa
Watson laboratories inc
Pfizer pharmaceuticals ltd
Parke davis div warner lambert co
Glenmark generics ltd
Matrix laboratories ltd
Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
Gabapentin Packagers
- 4uOrtho LLC
- Actavis Group
- Aidarex Pharmacuticals LLC
- Amerisource Health Services Corp.
- Amneal Pharmaceuticals
- Apotex Inc.
- Apotheca Inc.
- A-S Medication Solutions LLC
- Aurobindo Pharma Ltd.
- Blenheim Pharmacal
- Blu Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Bryant Ranch Prepack
- Camber Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Cardinal Health
- Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc.
- Corepharma LLC
- Coupler Enterprises Inc.
- Dispensing Solutions
- Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
- Eon Labs
- Fusion Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Glenmark Generics Ltd.
- Golden State Medical Supply Inc.
- Greenstone LLC
- H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
- Heartland Repack Services LLC
- Hikma Pharmaceuticals
- Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
- Ivax Pharmaceuticals
- Kaiser Foundation Hospital
- Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
- Living Well Pharmacy Inc.
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- Mckesson Corp.
- Medvantx Inc.
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Mylan
- Neuman Distributors Inc.
- Northstar Rx LLC
- Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- PCA LLC
- PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Pfizer Inc.
- Pharmaceutical Packaging Center
- Pharmacy Service Center
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Prepak Systems Inc.
- Professional Co.
- Ranbaxy Laboratories
- Rebel Distributors Corp.
- Remedy Repack
- Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
- Sandhills Packaging Inc.
- Southwood Pharmaceuticals
- St Mary’s Medical Park Pharmacy
- Stat Rx Usa
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- UDL Laboratories
- United Research Laboratories Inc.
- Vangard Labs Inc.
- Warner Lambert Company LLC
- West-Ward Pharmaceuticals
Because there are more than fifty packagers in the market. There are more gabapentin shapes and pictures that do not display on this page. But all our prescriptions are distributed by US licensed pharmacies and reviewed by US licensed pharmacists.
If your Gabapentin pictures are not show here and you can check google image for it. If it is not in google images and please let us know and I will tell the pharmacies.
Gabapentin mechanism of action
The precise mechanism through which gabapentin exerts its therapeutic effects is unclear.
The primary mode of action appears to be at the auxillary α2δ-1 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels (though a low affinity for the α2δ-2 subunit has also been reported).
The major function of these subunits is to facilitate the movement of pore-forming α1 subunits of calcium channels from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane of pre-synaptic neurons.
There is evidence that chronic pain states can cause an increase in the expression of α2δ subunits and that these changes correlate with hyperalgesia.
Gabapentin appears to inhibit the action of α2δ-1 subunits, thus decreasing the density of pre-synaptic voltage-gated calcium channels and subsequent release of excitatory neurotransmitters.
It is likely that this inhibition is also responsible for the anti-epileptic action of gabapentin.
There is some evidence that gabapentin also acts on adenosine receptors and voltage-gated potassium channels, though the clinical relevance of its action at these sites is unclear.
Gabapentin is a medication primarily used to treat epilepsy and neuropathic pain. It is also commonly prescribed for other conditions such as restless legs syndrome (RLS) and certain anxiety disorders. Here is a detailed overview of gabapentin:
Mechanism of Action
Gabapentin’s exact mechanism of action is not completely understood, but it is known to interact with the α2δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system. This interaction reduces the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, which helps to stabilize neuronal activity and alleviate symptoms associated with neuropathic pain and seizures.
Therapeutic Uses
- Epilepsy:
- Gabapentin is used as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults and children over the age of 3.
- Neuropathic Pain:
- Effective in managing pain from conditions such as diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia (pain following shingles), and other forms of nerve pain.
- Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS):
- Gabapentin can help reduce the symptoms of RLS, improving sleep quality and reducing leg discomfort.
- Anxiety Disorders:
- Sometimes used off-label for the treatment of anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD).
- Fibromyalgia:
- Can be used to manage the chronic pain associated with fibromyalgia.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption:
- Gabapentin is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 2 to 3 hours after oral administration. Its bioavailability decreases as the dose increases.
- Distribution:
- Widely distributed throughout the body but does not significantly bind to plasma proteins.
- Metabolism:
- Unlike many other medications, gabapentin is not significantly metabolized in the liver.
- Elimination:
- Excreted unchanged by the kidneys. The half-life of gabapentin is about 5 to 7 hours in individuals with normal renal function.
Side Effects
Common side effects of gabapentin include:
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Peripheral edema (swelling of the extremities)
- Fatigue
- Ataxia (lack of coordination)
- Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
Less common but more serious side effects can include:
- Mood changes such as depression or anxiety
- Suicidal thoughts or behaviors
- Severe allergic reactions (rare)
Dosage
Gabapentin is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and an oral solution. Dosage depends on the condition being treated and individual patient factors, but it typically starts at a low dose and is gradually increased. Common dosing regimens include:
- Epilepsy: Starting at 300 mg once daily and increasing based on response.
- Neuropathic Pain: Starting at 100-300 mg once daily and titrating up as needed.
- RLS: Typically 600 mg once daily in the evening.
Drug Interactions
Gabapentin has relatively few drug interactions compared to many other medications, but it can interact with:
- Antacids (reduce gabapentin’s absorption)
- CNS depressants (increased risk of sedation and respiratory depression)
