Headache relievers are medications or substances used to reduce or eliminate headache pain.
They vary based on the type of headache (tension, migraine, cluster, sinus, etc.) and the severity of symptoms. Here’s a breakdown of the main categories:
1. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Pain Relievers
These are typically used for mild to moderate headaches, especially tension-type or occasional migraines.
| Medication | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Acetaminophen | Analgesic | Gentle on the stomach, no anti-inflammatory effect |
| Ibuprofen | NSAID | Good for inflammation-related pain |
| Naproxen | NSAID | Longer-lasting than ibuprofen |
| Aspirin | NSAID | Also reduces inflammation and fever |
| Caffeine combos | Stimulant + analgesic | Common in headache formulas (e.g., Excedrin) |
2. Prescription Medications
Used for chronic, severe, or migraine headaches when OTC drugs are ineffective.
| Medication Class | Example Drugs | Used For |
|---|---|---|
| Triptans | Sumatriptan, Rizatriptan | Migraines (target serotonin receptors) |
| Ergots | Ergotamine, Dihydroergotamine | Severe or prolonged migraines |
| CGRP inhibitors | Aimovig, Nurtec, Ubrelvy | Preventing or treating migraines |
| Barbiturate combos | Fioricet, Fiorinal | Tension/migraine headaches (limited use) |
| Anti-nausea drugs | Metoclopramide, Promethazine | Often used with migraine meds |
3. Preventive Medications
Used daily to reduce headache frequency in people with frequent migraines or chronic tension headaches.
| Drug Class | Example Drugs |
|---|---|
| Beta-blockers | Propranolol |
| Antidepressants | Amitriptyline, Venlafaxine |
| Anticonvulsants | Topiramate, Valproate |
| CGRP monoclonal antibodies | Emgality, Ajovy |
4. Natural and Alternative Options
For mild cases or as a supplement to conventional treatment:
- Magnesium (for migraines)
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
- Peppermint oil (applied topically)
- Hydration and rest
- Cold or warm compress
Choosing the Right Reliever
| Headache Type | Common Relievers |
|---|---|
| Tension Headache | Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, Naproxen |
| Migraine | Triptans, NSAIDs, Anti-nausea meds |
| Cluster Headache | Oxygen therapy, Sumatriptan (injection) |
| Sinus Headache | Decongestants + pain relievers |
| Chronic Daily Headache | Preventive meds, lifestyle changes |