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Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease, is a neurological disorder that causes an irresistible urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. Treatment typically involves lifestyle changes and medications when symptoms are moderate to severe.
Common Medications for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
1. Dopamine Agonists
These are often first-line treatments for moderate to severe RLS symptoms.
- Pramipexole (Mirapex)
- Ropinirole (Requip)
- Rotigotine (Neupro) – available as a skin patch
Note: Long-term use can sometimes worsen symptoms (augmentation) or lead to compulsive behaviors.
2. Alpha-2-delta Ligands
Originally developed for epilepsy or nerve pain, these are also effective for RLS.
- Gabapentin (Neurontin)
- Gabapentin enacarbil (Horizant) – FDA-approved specifically for RLS
- Pregabalin (Lyrica)
These may be preferable in people with painful RLS or comorbid sleep issues.
3. Opioids
Used in severe cases when other medications fail.
- Tramadol
- Oxycodone/naloxone (Targiniq)
- Methadone
Used with caution due to risk of dependence and side effects.
4. Iron Supplements
Iron deficiency (low ferritin levels) is common in RLS. Supplementation may help.
- Ferrous sulfate or gluconate
- Often taken with vitamin C to enhance absorption
Ferritin levels below 75 µg/L are often considered for treatment.
5. Benzodiazepines (Less commonly used)
Sometimes used to improve sleep rather than directly treat RLS symptoms.
- Clonazepam
- Temazepam
Generally not first-line due to tolerance, dependence, and daytime drowsiness.
Important Notes
- Always treat underlying causes (e.g., iron deficiency, renal failure, neuropathy).
- Avoid triggers: caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, and certain medications (like antihistamines).
- A healthcare provider should tailor treatment based on severity, age, comorbidities, and response to therapy.
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